铝电解NiFe₂O₄基惰性阳极材料纤维增强体的选择

华中胜¹，姚广春²，龙秀丽²，王海川¹，赵  卓¹

(1. 安徽工业大学 冶金与资源学院，马鞍山 243002；2. 东北大学 材料与冶金学院，沈阳 110819)

摘 要：以NiO和Fe₂O₃为原料采用固相烧结法合成NiFe₂O₄尖晶石，通过向其中添加短纤维制备纤维/NiFe₂O₄惰性阳极材料。为选择适合于NiFe₂O₄基惰性阳极材料的纤维增强体，对几种纤维在NiFe₂O₄基体中的高温稳定性进行考察。结果表明，高温下碳纤维、玻璃纤维、氧化铝纤维和碳化硅纤维与NiFe₂O₄基体是热力学不相容的； 1 200 ℃时镀镍碳纤维和镍纤维不能在基体中稳定存在；1 400 ℃时ZrO_2(f)与NiFe₂O₄基体具有良好的物理和化学相容性，添加3% ZrO_2(f) (质量分数)阳极试样的力学性能得到明显改善。因此，ZrO_2(f)可作为NiFe₂O₄基惰性阳极的纤维增强体。

关键词：铝电解；NiFe₂O₄；纤维；惰性阳极；稳定性；强韧化

Selection of fiber reinforcement for NiFe₂O₄-based inert anode materials in aluminum electrolysis

HUA Zhong-sheng¹, YAO Guang-chun², LONG Xiu-li², WANG Hai-chuan¹, ZHAO Zhuo¹

(1. School of Metallurgy and Resources, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China;
2. School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China)

Abstract:NiFe₂O₄ spinel was synthesized via solid-state sintering technology using NiO and Fe₂O₃ as the raw materials, and fiber/NiFe₂O₄ inert anode materials were prepared by adding short fiber into NiFe₂O₄. The high temperature stability of some fibers in NiFe₂O₄ matrix was investigated to select the appropriate fiber reinforcement for NiFe₂O₄-based inert anode materials. The results indicate that carbon fiber, glass fiber, alumina fiber and silicon carbide fiber are thermodynamically incompatible with the NiFe₂O₄ matrix, also the nickel-coated carbon fiber and nickel fiber cannot stably exist in the matrix at 1 200 ℃, while ZrO_2(f) has favorable physical and chemical compatibility with the NiFe₂O₄ matrix at 1 400 ℃. The mechanical properties of the anodes samples are improved significantly by adding 3% ZrO_2(f) (mass fraction). Therefore, ZrO_2(f) can be used as the fiber reinforcement for NiFe₂O₄-based inert anode.

Key words:alumimum electrolysis; NiFe₂O₄; fiber; inert anode; stability; strengthening and toughening