低碳经济与钢铁工业

来源期刊：钢铁2010年第3期

论文作者：徐匡迪

文章页码：1 - 12

关键词：低碳经济； 钢铁工业

Key words：low-carbon economy； iron and steel industry

摘    要：气候变暖除自然原因(火山、太阳活动等)外,还受到工业革命250多年来,应用化石燃料大量排放温室气体的影响。钢铁工业以碳冶金为基础,生产过程的CO₂排放(以下按国际惯例简称为碳排放)占全球总量的5%~6%。中国因处于工业化、城镇化的中期,钢铁产销量大,故钢铁工业的碳排放已达到全国总排放的15%左右。在2020年前各国钢铁工业的主要对策是长流程节能减排,与扩大电炉炼钢为核心的短流程。中国钢铁工业的燃料比与国际先进水平相比尚有15%~20%的差距,有较大减排空间。同时,还应考虑高炉炉气循环,及重整后的焦炉煤气从高炉炉身喷入,通过H₂/CO气体的间接还原,进一步降低碳排放10%~20%。到21世纪中叶(2050年左右),当可再生能源及核能成为一次能源的主流时,有可能推出"氢还原"—下一代钢铁生产技术。

Abstract: Despite of natural causes(like volcano,solar activities,etc.),climate warming is also caused by green house gases emitted by applying fossil fuels in the past 250 years since the industrial revolution taking place.Current iron and steel industry is based on carbon-related metallurgical process.Its CO₂ emission(hereinafter referred to as "carbon emission" according to international practice) accounts for 5%-6% of the total carbon emission of the world.Since China is in the middle stage of industrialization and urbanization which is characterized by large amount of production and consumption of iron and steel,the carbon emission of iron and steel industry makes up 15% of the China’s total carbon emission.The countermeasures of iron and steel industry in many countries before 2020 are energy saving and emission reducing in BF-BOF process and expanding EAF process.Comparing with the international advanced level,the fuel ratio in China’s iron and steel industry is 15%-20% lagging behind.Therefore,there are still some spaces for cutting down carbon emission.In the meantime,by applying blast furnace top gas recycle,and injection of coke oven gas after reforming through blast furnace stack to reduce indirectly by H₂/CO gas,carbon emission can be further lowered by 10%-20%.By the mid of this century(about the year of 2050) when renewable energy and nuclear power become mainstream energy sources again,it is possible to develop a next generation of iron and steel making—"hydrogen reduction".