数学形态学滤波在钢轨波磨波长识别中的应用

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2021年第5期

论文作者:温泽峰 谢清林 陶功权 刘孟奇 任德祥

文章页码:1724 - 1733

关键词:钢轨波磨;数学形态学;结构元素;滤波;降噪

Key words:rail corrugation; mathematical morphology; structure element; filter; denoising

摘    要:针对形态学滤波在数字信号降噪中存在“非平滑”的缺点,构建形态学滤波+移动平均的降噪方法。研究形态学滤波器不同结构元素在不同尺度下的滤波性能,并与几种常用的滤波器进行比较,为后续振动信号降噪中结构元素选取提供参考。建立考虑轮对和轨道结构柔性的车辆-轨道刚柔耦合动力学模型,仿真计算轨道线路普遍出现的钢轨波磨激励下车辆的轴箱动态响应。研究结果表明:采用幅值A=0.5、长度 L=13的余弦形结构元素的数学形态滤波器+移动平均的降噪方法较传统滤波器能更好地剔除脉冲,削弱随机噪声干扰,保留原始信号特征,准确识别出由钢轨波磨引起的特征频率。

Abstract: A denosing method that combines morphology filtering with moving average smoothing was proposed to overcome the shortcoming of unsmoothness in morphology filter. In order to provide a reference for the selection of structure elements in subsequent vibration signal denoising, the performances of morphological filter with different structure elements at different scales were studied and compared with several traditional filters. A vehicle-track coupling dynamic model considering the flexibility of wheelset and rail structure was established. The model was used to simulate the axle box dynamic response of vehicle during the rail corrugation excitation. The results show that the morphology filter with cosine structure element with the amplitude of A=0.5 and length of L=13, and combined with moving average smoothing is more suitable for eliminating pulse and weakening the random noise interference as well as keeping the original characteristics to precisely identify the specific frequency caused by rail corrugation.

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