湘中地区早寒武世牛蹄塘组黑色岩系地球化学特征与有机质富集机理

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2020年第8期

论文作者:郭建华 吴诗情 王玺凯 李智宇 刘辰生 焦鹏 陈广

文章页码:2049 - 2061

关键词:湘中地区;牛蹄塘组;黑色岩系;地球化学;有机质富集

Key words:Central Hunan Province; Niutitang formation; black rock series; geochemistry; organic matter enrichment

摘    要:中国南方扬子板块寒武纪早期广泛发育一套富有机质黑色岩系,为了研究其有机质富集特征及控制因素,对湘中地区AY-1井牛蹄塘组32件岩芯样品总有机碳质量分数w(TOC)、主微量和稀土元素质量分数等地球化学特征参数进行测试。研究结果表明:研究区牛蹄塘组黑色页岩有机质丰度高,与热液相关的Ni和Sb等微量元素富集以及热液指标w(Co)+w(Ni)较高;w(P生物)和w(Ba生物)显示牛蹄塘组生产力在中—高等水平,w(U)/w(Al),w(V)/w(Al),w(Ni)/w(Co),w(V)/w(Cr)和w(U)/w(Th)共同指示水体基本处于缺氧、还原环境;从底部至顶部,页岩受热液作用强度、生产力水平和水体还原性变化均表现为由弱—强—弱的趋势,且与有机质丰度呈现正相关;顶部生产力水平虽然较高且趋于稳定,但沉积时海平面下降使水体还原性减弱,有机质无法良好地保存。强热液活动、高古生产力和强还原环境使牛蹄塘组中部形成高有机碳丰度的页岩层系,成为页岩气勘探的有利层段。

Abstract: During the early Cambrian period, in the Yangtze plate of South China, there widely developed a set of organic-rich black rock series. In order to study its features and controlling factors of organic matter(OM) enrichment, 32 core samples of Niutitang formation from well AY-1 in Central Hunan were selected for geochemical tests such as total carbon mass fraction of TOC, major elements,trace elements and rare elements. The results show that the mass fraction of TOC of black shale in Niutitang formation is high. The trace elements related to hydrothermal fluid(HF) such as Ni and Sb were accumulated, while w(Co)+w(Ni) as the HF indicators is high.w(Pxs) and w(Baxs) show a middle-high productivity level of Niutitang formation. w(U)/w(Al),w(V)/w(Al), w(Ni)/w(Co), w(V)/w(Cr) and w(U)/w(Th) jointly indicate that the water is basically in anoxic and reducing environment.From bottom to top of Niutitang formation, hydrothermal activity intensity, productivity level and the change of water’s reducibility all show a weak-strong-weak tendency. And this tendency has a positive correlation with mass fraction of TOC. Although the productivity of the top of Niutitang formation is relatively high and tends to be stable, sea-level falling weakens the reduction of water during deposition, which makes the OM not able to well preserved. In summary, intense hydrothermal activity, high paleoproductivity and strong reducing environment result in the high TOC shale series in the middle part of Niutitang formation which is also a favorable exploration layer of shale gas in the study area.

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