工业铝电解质分子比的演变与现状^①

来源期刊：中国有色金属学报1996年第4期

论文作者：邱竹贤

文章页码：16 - 21

关键词：冰晶石分子比； 工业电解质； 铝电解

Key words：cryolite ratio;　industrial electrolyte;　aluminium electrolysis

摘    要：在铝电解工业初期，采用分子比3.0左右的电解质，电解温度高达1 000℃；经五十余年后逐渐降低到2.6左右；现在先进的大型电解槽已经使用了分子比为2.1~2.2的电解质，电解温度降低到950℃左右。采用新型电解槽与低温度电解( 850~900℃)也许可使电耗率减少到12000 kW· h/t Al。这时候，铝电解质的分子比和电解法发明人霍尔原来的专利方案接近了，达到了一个新的水平。

Abstract: At the first period of aluminium industry, the cryolite ratio of electrolyte was about 3.0(in mol), and the temperature of electrolysis was about 1000℃. During recent 50 years, the cryolite ratio decreased down to 2.6. At present time it decreased further to 2.1~2.2 in some advanced, high current cells, and the bath temperature reached as low as 950℃. In these advanced cells the current efficiency reached 92%~94% and energy consumption 12000kW·h/t Al. The future development is to use electrolyte with very low ratio less than 2.0.