PAMAM树枝状聚合物抑制泥页岩水化膨胀和分散特性

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2016年第12期

论文作者:钟汉毅 邱正松 黄维安 张道明 孙栋

文章页码:4132 - 4141

关键词:树枝状聚合物;聚酰胺胺;泥页岩水化;协同作用;抑制性

Key words:dendrimer; polyamidoamine; shale hydration; synergistic effect; inhibition

摘    要:针对泥页岩水化特征,结合树枝状聚合物独特的结构与性能,将树枝状聚合物聚酰胺胺PAMAM作为泥页岩稳定剂,通过页岩滚动分散实验、粒度分布测试、屈曲硬度实验评价不同代数(G0~G5)PAMAM的抑制性。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)等分析不同代数PAMAM与黏土的作用,并揭示其微观作用机理。分别以G0和G5为泥页岩水化膨胀抑制剂和水化分散抑制剂,构建新型水基钻井液体系。研究结果表明:树枝状聚合物聚酰胺胺能有效抑制泥页岩水化膨胀和分散,G0和G5抑制性优于传统的KCl和聚醚胺类抑制剂,适当降低介质pH可提高其抑制性。不同代数的PAMAM在黏土表面的吸附排列方式不同,G0为单层吸附;G1,G2和G3在黏土层间的吸附与浓度有关,随着浓度的升高分子排列由单层向双层转变;G4和G5相对分子质量较大,由于空间位阻效应不能进入黏土晶层间,主要吸附在黏土颗粒的外表面。G0能抑制黏土晶层内表面的水化膨胀,G5能阻止黏土颗粒的水化分散,将两者配合起来可达到协同稳定泥页岩的效果。该钻井液体系抑制性突出,接近油基钻井液。

Abstract: Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were proposed as shale stabilizers based on shale hydration property and unique structure and characteristic of dendrimers. The inhibitive properties of polyamidoamine dendrimers ranging from G0 to G5 were evaluated with shale cuttings hot-rolling dispersion test, particle size distribution test, and bulk hardness test. The interaction between PAMAM dendrimers and clay was investigated via fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray(XRD) diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The micro-mechanism was studied. A new water-based drilling fluid is established including G0 as shale hydration swelling inhibitor and G5 as shale hydration dispersion inhibitor. The results indicate that PAMAM dendrimers can inhibit shale hydration and dispersion efficiently, and are superior to conventional salt KCl and polyether amine. Reducing the pH of medium improves the inhibition to some degree. Different adsorption types are adopted for different generations of PAMAM dendrimers. G0 adopts monolayer adsorption, while the arrangement of G1, G2 and G3 molecules is affected by concentration. The molecules transfer from monolayer to bilayer as concentration increases. Because of large molecular mass, G4 and G5 are mainly adsorbed on the outer surface of clay due to steric hindrance. G0 can inhibit the hydration and swelling of internal surface of clay, and G5 can prevent the hydration and dispersion of clay particles. A synergistic stabilization effect can be obtained when G0 and G5 are used in combination. The drilling fluid is highly inhibitive, approaching the properties of oil-based drilling fluid.

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