基于视觉的机器人模糊自适应阻抗控制

来源期刊:中南大学学报(自然科学版)2011年第2期

论文作者:李二超 李战明 李炜

文章页码:409 - 413

关键词:机器人;视觉;阻抗控制;模糊控制

Key words:robot; vision; impedance control; fuzzy control

摘    要:对未知环境下具有6个自由度工业机器人的视觉/力反馈混合控制进行研究。首先,建立被跟踪曲线图像特征与机器人关节角度的映射关系;其次,由机器人离散阻抗控制规律描述机器人末端在受限表面移动时与受限表面产生连续接触的条件,并根据接触力的变化对阻抗模型参数进行模糊调节;最后,在未知物体表面对末端固定安装单摄像机和力传感器的6个自由度机器人进行力跟踪试验研究。研究结果表明:该阻抗控制具有较强的未知物体表面曲线跟踪能力和较高的力控制精度,曲线跟踪算法简单,不要求对视觉传感器进行精确标定,模糊控制器实时地调整阻抗参数,使系统稳定而且具有良好的动态品质,是一种有效的视觉/力反馈混合控制方法。

Abstract: Hybrid control for visual/force servoing was studied in an unknown environment with six degrees of freedom industrial robot. Firstly, the one-to-one mapping relations between the image features of the curved line and the joint angle of the robot were derived. Secondly, an impedance control law was used to describe the conditions of the constant contact resulted from the end effector and the constrained surface while it was in motion, and then a fuzzy tuning mechanism was used to generate the impedance model. Lastly, the effectiveness of the presented approach was verified using six degrees of freedom robot with a CCD camera and a force/torque sensor installed in its end effector. The experimental results show that the strategy has a stronger curve tracking capabilities of the unknown surface and higher accuracy of force control, and parameters of camera need not be calibrated precisely; impedance parameters are modified real-time by fuzzy controller; the stability and dynamic behavior are improved, and the strategy is an effective controller for visual/force servoing.

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